Third molars were not included because of the difficulty in visibility and accessibility. Subjects using any additional plaque control measures like interdental cleansing aids and mouthwashes were not selected because it could have affected the outcome of this study. On the other hand, lack of interest on the part of participants and increased number of drop-outs in case of long-term studies can lead to frustration of examiners and an overall affect on the results.
#SONIC CHARGE LICENSE INFO REDDIT MANUAL#
In a short-term clinical study, many different factors such as duration of toothbrushing, manual dexterity, motivation, frequency of toothbrushing, technique and thoroughness of toothbrushing, type of dentifrice (Colgate Total ®) being used, regularity and punctuality of follow-up appointments, and “novelty-effects” may interfere with results. This might have also reduced the “How thorne effect?,” that is, the patients brush more consciously on the day of recall. To avoid such problems, we chose to use a standardized period of at least 24 hours of plaque accumulation before each recall visit. One problem in the design of short-term brushing studies is that the amount of plaque to be removed may decrease in the course of study due to motivation and brushing experiences. Heasman and Mc Craken considered split-mouth study of greatest value for evaluation of plaque-removing efficacy, especially for powered toothbrushes. Split-mouth study was designed to reduce interpatient difference and made sure that similar conditions apply for both the brushes. The study was designed to be a single blind study, thus reducing the bias error. Also, instructions, including the brushing technique, were reinstated at each recall visit. Compliance and comments about brushes were determined by a questionnaire at each recall visit.
knew on which side each of the brush was used, and was not involved in clinical scoring of indices. During each recall visit, plaque, gingival, and bleeding indices were scored. Volunteers were asked to refrain from brushing 24 hours before every recall visit and return for periodic examination after every 15 days, that is, on 15 th, 30 th, and 45 th days till the end of study. Instructions were given to use only the given brushes on assigned sides twice daily for 3 minutes by the assigned toothbrushing technique, with assigned dentifrice (Colgate Total (R)) only. The volunteers had not yet started brushing with the given brushes. Baseline scoring of plaque index (PI) using a two-tone disclosing agent (Alpha Plac), modified gingival index (MGI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) was done. The study was designed for 45 days and indices were recorded after every 15 days (0, 15, 30, and 45 days).Ĭonsent for participating in the study was taken from all volunteers. The aim of present study was to clinically assess and compare efficacy of sonic and ionic toothbrushes in reducing plaque, gingivitis, and sulcular bleeding.Ī single blind study, using a split mouth method, i.e., using sonic on one side's upper and lower arch and ionic on other side's upper and lower arch, was designed. More recently, two unique toothbrushes, Sonic (hyG, Hukuba Dental, Nagareyama, Japan) and Ionic (Cybersonic, Florida, USA), have been introduced to market, to further improve plaque-removing efficacy. However, clinical studies have proved that manual and electric toothbrushes are equally effective in removal of plaque and reducing clinical signs of gingival inflammation. The mode of action of these brushes is designed to simulate the manual toothbrushes, but they have established themselves as a superior alternative to manual toothbrushes as they are much more attractive and user-friendly. Various forms and designs of powered toothbrushes have been introduced in world market since 1960s with varying efficiency, acceptability, and popularity.
Though there are various methods, including chemical and other mechanical methods advocated for this purpose, toothbrushing is the most commonly used method.
Removal of dental plaque is essential for dental health and personal oral hygiene is necessary for maintaining periodontal health. Although there have been many advances in knowledge of the causes of human periodontal diseases, plaque remains the primary initiator or trigger.
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